Key points

• A mic is a transducer, converting acoustic energy into electric energy
• The vibration of a mic’s diaphragm is what creates the electrical signal, like our eardrums do
• Mics aren’t one-size-fits-all
• Each type of mic has its own unique application and diaphragm behavior

Types of microphones

• They use electromagnetic induction. The motion of the diaphragm alone is enough to create the electrical signal.
• Used in live environments more than other types because of their generally rugged construction and acceptance of high SPLs
• Response can tend to feel “slower” than that of condenser mics

• They use electrostatic induction, requiring power to charge the diaphragm. That’s why you see 48v phantom power as a common requirement for condensers.
• Can capture a “more natural” sound because of this alternate electrical construction
• Can often give a sense of more clarity or top-end “sparkle”

• They use electromagnetic induction like dynamic mics
• Have slowest response out of the three types
• Can have a “softening” effect on brighter instruments like cymbals, horns, and guitar cabinets
• Don’t send phantom power to ribbon mics. You’ll be buying a new one!