The Three Main Types of Microphones

Key points

  • A mic is a transducer, converting acoustic energy into electric energy
  • The vibration of a mic’s diaphragm is what creates the electrical signal, like our eardrums do
  • Mics aren’t one-size-fits-all
  • Each type of mic has its own unique application and diaphragm behavior

Types of microphones

Dynamic 
  • They use electromagnetic induction. The motion of the diaphragm alone is enough to create the electrical signal.
  • Used in live environments more than other types because of their generally rugged construction and acceptance of high SPLs
  • Response can tend to feel “slower” than that of condenser mics

Condenser 
  • They use electrostatic induction, requiring power to charge the diaphragm. That’s why you see 48v phantom power as a common requirement for condensers.
  • Can capture a “more natural” sound because of this alternate electrical construction
  • Can often give a sense of more clarity or top-end “sparkle”

Ribbon 
  • They use electromagnetic induction like dynamic mics
  • Have slowest response out of the three types
  • Can have a “softening” effect on brighter instruments like cymbals, horns, and guitar cabinets
  • Don’t send phantom power to ribbon mics. You’ll be buying a new one!

Categories

Audio
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